Headlamp Wikipedia. This article is about the device for vehicles. For the personal lighting device worn on the head, see Headlamp outdoor. A motor scooters front with an impractical number and variety of headlamps, added for decorative purposes and characteristic of Mod culture. A headlamp is a lamp attached to the front of a vehicle to light the road ahead. While it is common for the term headlight to be used interchangeably in informal discussion, headlamp is the term for the device itself, while headlight properly refers to the beam of light produced and distributed by the device. citation neededHeadlamp performance has steadily improved throughout the automobile age, spurred by the great disparity between daytime and nighttime traffic fatalities the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration states that nearly half of all traffic related fatalities occur in the dark, despite only 2. Other vehicles, such as trains and aircraft, are required to have headlamps. Bicycle headlamps are often used on bicycles, and are required in some jurisdictions. They can be powered by a battery or a small generator mechanically integrated into the workings of the bicycles. History of automotive headlampsedit. Corning Conaphore headlamp lens shown above. MechanicseditThe earliest headlamps were fueled by acetylene or oil, and were introduced in the late 1. Acetylene lamps were popular because the flame is resistant to wind and rain. The first electric headlamps were introduced in 1. Columbia Electric Car from the Electric Vehicle Company of Hartford, Connecticut, and were optional. Two factors limited the widespread use of electric headlamps the short life of filaments in the harsh automotive environment, and the difficulty of producing dynamos small enough, yet powerful enough to produce sufficient current. 2Prest O Lite acetylene lights were offered by a number of manufacturers as standard equipment for 1. Peerless made electric headlamps standard in 1. A Birminghamwhere firm called Pockley Automobile Electric Lighting Syndicate marketed the worlds first electric car lights as a complete set in 1. Dont risk having an accident or getting a ticket while driving your 2000 Honda Accord. Keep your turn signals operational with our replacement bulbs. How do you replace the headlight bulbs what do I have to do to get the bulb out, like remove the finder Or is there an easier wayIn 1. 91. 2, Cadillac integrated their vehicles Delco electrical ignition and lighting system, creating the modern vehicle electrical system. Dipping low beam headlamps were introduced in 1. Guide Lamp Company, but the 1. Cadillac system allowed the light to be dipped with a lever inside the car rather than requiring the driver to stop and get out. The 1. 92. 4 Bilux bulb was the first modern unit, having the light for both low dipped and high main beams of a headlamp emitting from a single bulb. A similar design was introduced in 1. Guide Lamp called the Duplo. In 1. 92. 7, the foot operated dimmer switch or dip switch was introduced and became standard for much of the century. Packards were equipped with tri beam headlamps, the bulbs having three filaments. From highest to lowest, the beams were called country passing, country driving and city driving. The 1. 93. 4 Nash also used a three beam system, although in this case, the bulbs were conventional two filament type, and the intermediate beam combined low beam on the drivers side with high beam on the passengers side, so as to maximise the view of the roadside while minimizing glare toward oncoming traffic. The last vehicle with a foot operated dimmer switch were the 1. Ford F Series and E Series Econoline vans. citation neededFog lamps were new for 1. Cadillacs,citation needed and their 1. Autronic Eye system automated the selection of high and low beams. Directional lighting, using a switch and electromagnetically shifted reflector to illuminate the curbside only, was introduced in the rare, one year only 1. Honda Accord EX EXL LX LXS Sport 2016, G8 LED Headlight Conversion Kit by Lumen. 1 Pair, 6500K, 6000lm. Swap those dull and dim halogen bulbs for this. Tatra 7. 7a. Steering linked lighting was popularised by the Citroen DS. This made it possible to turn the light in the direction of travel when the steering wheel was turned, and is now widely adopted technology. 4The standardised 7 inch 1. United States from 1. Americans. 5 In 1. Britain, Australia, and some other Commonwealth countries, as well as Japan and Sweden, also made extensive use of 7 inch sealed beams, though they were not mandated as they were in the United States. 6 This headlamp format was not widely accepted in continental Europe, which found replaceable bulbs and variations in the size and shape of headlamps useful in car design. This led to different front end designs for each side of the Atlantic for decades. 4Technology moved forward in the rest of the world. 56 The first halogen lamp for vehicle headlamp use, the H1, was introduced in 1. European consortium of bulb and headlamp makers. Shortly thereafter, headlamps using the new light source were introduced in Europe. These were effectively prohibited in the US, where standard size sealed beam headlamps were mandatory and intensity regulations were low. US lawmakers faced pressure to act, both due to lighting effectiveness and vehicle aerodynamicsfuel savings. 67 High beam peak intensity, capped at 1. Europe,89 was limited in the United States to 3. An increase in high beam intensity to take advantage of the higher allowance could not be achieved without a move to halogen technology,1. United States. 1. Halogen sealed beams now dominate the sealed beam market, which has declined steeply since replaceable bulb headlamps were permitted in 1. High intensity discharge HID systems were introduced in the early 1. BMW 7 Series. 1. 21. Lincoln Mark VIII was an early American effort at HIDs, and was the only car with DC HIDs. Design and styleeditBeyond the engineering, performance and regulatory compliance aspects of headlamps, there is the consideration of the various ways they are designed and arranged on a motor vehicle. Headlamps were round for many years, because that is the native shape of a parabolic reflector. European top and US bottom headlamp configurations on a Citron DSThere was no requirement in Europe for headlamps of standardised size or shape, and lamps could be designed in any shape and size, as long as the lamps met the engineering and performance requirements contained in the applicable European safety standards. Rectangular headlamps were first used in 1. Cibi for the Citron Ami 6 and by Hella for the German Ford Taunus. They were prohibited in the United States where round lamps were required until 1. Another early headlamp styling concept involved conventional round lamps faired into the cars bodywork with aerodynamic glass covers, such as those on the 1. Jaguar E Type, and on pre 1. VW Beetles. 1. 4Headlamp styling in the United States, 1. Headlight design in the U. S. changed very little from 1. In 1. 94. 0, a consortium of state motor vehicle administrators standardised upon a system of two 7 in 1. A system of four round lamps, rather than two, one highlow and one high beam 5 34 in 1. Cadillac, Chrysler, De. Soto and Nash on some of their car models in states that permitted the new system. Other American marques followed suit when all states permitted quad lamps in 1. These lamps permitted more design flexibility. Auto stylists such as Virgil Exner carried out design studies with the low beams in their conventional outboard location, and the high beams vertically stacked at the centreline of the car. No such designs reached volume production most cars had their headlights in pairs side by side on each side of the car, and some Oldsmobiles had a parking light in the middle of each pair. An example arrangement includes the stacking of two headlamps on each side with low beams above high beams. Nash used this arrangement in the 1. Pontiac used this design starting in the 1. American Motors, Ford, Cadillac and Chrysler followed two years later. Also in the 1. 96. Buick Riviera had concealable stacked headlamps. The Mercedes Benz. W1. 00, W1. 08, W1. W1. 12 models sold in America used this arrangement because their home market composite lamps were illegal in the US. The British firm Alvis and the French firm Facel Vega also used this setup for some of their cars, as did Nissan in Japan. In the late 1. 95. Lincoln, Buick, and Chrysler arranged the headlamps diagonally by placing the low beam lamps outboard and above the high beam lamps. Certain British cars used a less extreme diagonal arrangement, with the inboard high beam lamps placed only slightly lower than the outboard low beam units.
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This advice isnt sugar coatedin fact, its sugar free, and may even be a little bitter. Welcome to Tough Love. Youve got problems, Ive got advice. This advice isnt sugar coatedin fact, its sugar free, andRead more Read. This week we have a son who doesnt know how to deal with his fathers often racist email chains. Keep in mind, Im not a therapist or any other kind of health professionaljust a guy whos willing to tell it like it is. I simply want to give you the tools you need to enrich your damn lives. If for whatever reason you dont like my advice, feel free to file a formal complaint here. Now then, lets get on with it. With the exception of my brother, all of my family is of the brainwashed by Fox News ilk. I am a giant bleeding heart liberal. I also have a relationship with all of them that could best be described as cordial and Ive long since given up hoping to improve that. Were just very different people and Ive made my peace with that. I keep my interaction with them on social media to a minimum in the name of keeping the peace. Several years ago I went through a round of eye roll inducing chain mail forwards from my uncle who is my dads older brother, which I began responding to with links from Snopes or other sources disproving whatever idiocy was forwarded to him. My uncle is a bully and didnt like when I did this and whined endlessly about it, but it eventually had the desired effect of getting me removed from his email forwards. Unfortunately, My uncle is also a pretty significant influence on my dad. Dads always been relatively conservative but in the last few years hes tacked hard to the right in a pretty disappointing and disgusting fashion. Right now I largely ignore the emails, though I do occasionally respond with a link debunking whatever was in it depending on how egregiously stupid it was. My question is, should I continue this current behavior or should I become more aggressive in trying to deter him from sending them to me Staying silent feels shitty but Im under no illusions of dad having an epiphany and realizing HEY BEING A RACIST PIECE OF SHIT ISNT FOR ME And while my relationship with my parents is lukewarm at best, I dont particularly want it to deteriorate. It feels like little potential upside with a lot of potential downside of confronting him about it, but its still tempting to try. Thanks,Not So Fortunate Son. Hey Not So Fortunate Son Silence isnt the answer here, but youre right, you shouldnt be under any illusion that you can change your dads mind. Im sure hes the set in his ways type. Youre a grown man with your own opinions of the world, and it seems like your political discussions are creating a rift that will only continue to grow as time goes on. 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Then, if you cant stand watching those forwards show up in your inbox, tell him to please stop sending you those emails You do not owe your father any email fealty. Dont just shoot off an angry email in response, though. Give your request in person, or at least on the phone. He needs to know youre serious about it and not just being a whiny snowflake. Its time to be brave and stand up for yourself, kid. When he asks why or gives you shit about itand this is vitalbe very serious and tell him its because youre family and you love him, but you feel like this behavior is creating a gap in your relationship and you dont want it to get any wider than you feel it already is. He needs to know. He might be on the other end of the spectrum, but that doesnt mean he cant be somewhat understanding when it comes to his own kin. Tell him youd be happy to receive an email, call, or text from him as long as its not about politics. Tell him youd rather talk about the good ol days if there were any, sports, hunting, cars, movies, anything else. Or plan a father son activity to reconnect and give both of you a chance to understand each other a bit better. You must escape the political news tug of war Focus on what you like about your father, if anything, and go from there. Email chains are never a good way to really communicate or understand someone, so dont let that become the focus of your relationship. If that doesnt work, and he doesnt stop, block his emailsthen tell him you did. You gotta do whats right for you and your happiness, but he still needs to know. And this process shouldt be one final attack, a coup de grceno, youre bowing out. Youre different peopleyouve made your peace with thatso let him think hes won and move on. Dont poke the bear, let him eat, and move on to greener pastures. Hopefully one where you and your dad can have a catch and focus on finding some less racist middle ground. Every family has that one relative that cant stop forcing their controversial political stancesRead more Read. Thats it for this week, but I still have plenty of blunt, honest advice bottled up inside. Tell me, whats troubling you Is work getting you down Are you having problems with a friend or a coworker Is your love life going through a rough patchDo you just feel lost in life, like you have no direction Tell me, and maybe I can help. I probably wont make you feel all warm and fuzzy inside, but sometimes what you need is some tough love. Ask away in the comments below, or email me at the address you see at the bottom of the page please include ADVICE in the subject line. Or tweet at me with Tough. Love Also, DO NOT EMAIL ME IF YOU DONT WANT YOUR REQUEST FEATURED. I do not have time to respond to everyone just for funsies. Til next time, figure things out for yourself. Technologies Global Navigation Satellite System GNSS Global Positioning System GPS GLONASS Russian BeiDou BDS Chinese Galileo European. RIP, Microsoft Paint. MS Paint, the first app you used for editing images, will probably be killed off in future updates of Windows 1. Paint 3. D. Microsoft lists the 3. Windows 1. 0s next autumn update, a little X marking the end of an era. The app is certainly a relic, from a time when the casual computer user couldnt crack open Photoshop or Skitch or Pixelmator or thousands of web apps. MS Paint cant save image components as layers or vectors its for making flat static images only. It doesnt smooth lines or guess at your best intentions. It does what you tell it and nothing more, faithfully representing the herky jerky motion of drawing freehand with a computer mouse. Its from a time before touch, a time before trackpads. Update As an interesting update, we heard from Dr. Kevin D Hinshaw, an eye specialist in West County, PC, who says his record for one eye is five contact lenses. Nokia revivi de sus cenizas y recientemente lanz una serie de mviles que nos recordaban a los viejos tiempos de la compaa, con la gran diferencia que esta. Luke Plunkett. Luke Plunkett is a Contributing Editor based in Canberra, Australia. He has written a book on cosplay, designed a game about airplanes, and also runs. As more sophisticated options appeared, Paints janky aesthetic became a conscious choice. Paint became the metonym for that aesthetic, even if an image was actually created in another app. TV Tropes lists major limitations that came to define a certain look the wobbly freehand lines, awkward color handling, and inappropriate export settings that give Paint its distinctive look. In 2. 01. 4, Gawkers Sam Biddle noted Paints influence on conspiracy theory images, calling the form Chart Brut. In amateur detectives attempts at identifying the Boston Marathon bombers, the simplicity and jaggedness of Paint evokes the crazy wall aesthetic of red string and scribbled notes, apparently without irony. The same year, internet historian Patrick Davison explored Paints influence on the last decade of meme culture, particularly Rage Comics. Nokia Pc Suite Beta Ver 7 1 11 3 Russian GymnastsThe outsider art aesthetic feels appropriate to the relatable everyday content, and makes the art form unthreatening. Of course, Paint offered a few features to smooth things out, like the circle and line tools and the fill tool, all used in the stoner comics of the early 1. Crucially, those circles still had jagged curves. The bright colors of stoner comics are flat, as MS Paint didnt support gradients without an elaborate hack. Contrast those pixellated lines with the slick, stylish face from this art tutorial This slickness is built into Paints successor, Paint 3. D. From the moment you start sketching, Paint 3. D smooths out your art. It also supports automatic selection tools and content aware fill to rival Photoshops. By automatically improving art, Paint 3. D hides the process behind the image. Paints sloppiness is probably why rage comics got so popular. Looking at a rage comic, you can tell exactly how it was drawn, and how you might draw one yourself. By delivering exactly what the artist draws, MS Paint forms an image that the viewer can mentally reverse engineer and imitate. Unless you go absolutely nuts with it. Reddit user Toweringhorizon painstakingly assembled the drawing To a Little Radio using MS Paint tools like the oil brush, stretching the medium while maintaining a pixelated look. Its one of the top submissions to MS Paint subreddit, a beautiful collaborative art gallery. Scrolling through this art feels like flipping through the sketchbook of the most artistic kid in high school. Theres an accepted roughness, a desired minimalism. For example, the exquisite raindrops in the work above are reflected in a flat, featureless tabletop. Like a transistor radio, Paint might be showing its age, but this tenacious little gadget should not be underestimated. To a Little Radio doesnt even come close to testing Paints limits. As we say goodbye to the app that shaped an era, let us watch this bizarrely soundtracked time lapse of drawing Santa Claus in MS Paint on Windows 7 over the course of 5. We can only believe this is real because faking it would be even harder. |
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